Civil wars are armed conflicts within the boundaries of a single country, often involving the government and one or more insurgent groups seeking to gain control over territory, resources, or power. These conflicts can be fueled by a variety of factors, including ethnic or religious tensions, political grievances, economic inequality, and competition for power. Civil wars are typically more protracted and have higher levels of violence than other types of conflicts, leading to significant humanitarian, social, and economic consequences for the countries involved. Researchers studying civil wars seek to understand their causes, dynamics, and impacts in order to develop strategies for prevention, resolution, and post-conflict reconstruction.